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Objective To investigate the prevalence and pattern of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in Shanghai through a community-based survey. Methods A cluster sampling survey was done among the residents in Beixinjing Community, Changning District, Shanghai. All the subjects were asked to fill a questionnaire to provide their general information, including sex, age, native place, physical status, life habit, family history, etc. The diagnosis of AGA was made by dermatologists. To determine the pattern of hair loss,Norwood-Hamilton classification system and Ludwig classification system were used for male AGA and female AGA, respectively. All the data were statistically analyzed by EpiData and SPSS11.5 software. Results Totally, 7056 subjects completed the questionnaire, including 3519 males and 3537 females, and the response rate was 72.5%. AGA was diagnosed in 809 patients, consisting of 701 males aging from 19 to 91 years (mean 64.16±11.9 years) and 108 females aging from 35 to 91 years (mean 70.46±18.89 years). The standardized prevalence (SP) was 9.47% in total, 15.73% in males and 2.73% in females; the difference was significant between males and females (χ2=356.00, P<0.001). A family history of AGA was observed in 52.7% of all subjects including 391 (55.78%) males and 35 (32.41%) females. Type Ⅲ vertex involvement was the most common type in men aging from 20 to 70 years old, and type Ⅵ in those over 70 years old. Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ predominated in female AGA. Conclusions The results of this survey indicate that the prevalence of AGA is remarkably higher in men than that in women. Furthermore, the prevalence is steadily increased with advancing age in Shanghai.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical response of Nevus of Ota to Q-switched Alexandrite laser, and analyze factors that influence the treatment outcome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 522 patients treated with Q-switched Alexandrite laser were included in the study. Single and multiple variate analyses of various factors were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Satisfactory result was observed in all patients, none of whom developed scarring. Clinical response was improved with additional treatment sessions. The clinical response of the 20 - 27-week treatment interval group was significantly better than that of the 12 - 19-week interval group, but showed no significant difference as compared with both the 28 - 35 and > or = 36-week interval group. Zygomatic, buccal and frontal areas showed better response than ocular and temporal areas. Treatment session, interval, and fluence were significant factors identified by multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Q-switched Alexandrite laser is an ideal method for treating Nevus of Ota without injury. The number of treatment sessions is more important than interval or fluence.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Facial Neoplasms , Pathology , General Surgery , Laser Therapy , Methods , Nevus of Ota , Pathology , General Surgery , Pigmentation Disorders , Skin Neoplasms , Pathology , General SurgeryABSTRACT
0.05).Conclusions These results suggest that the polymorphisms of triplet repeat GGC or combination of CAG and GGC of the androgen receptor is signifi- cantly associated with Han men with androgenetic alopecia in the Eastern China. However, genetic polymor- phism of 5?-reductase may not directly associated with androgenetic alopecia in our study population.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate injury to epidermal melanocyte by Q-switched Alexandrite laser.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Multiple biopsies were performed on 5 patients with nevus of Ota from before irradiation to 1 year after irradiation. Fourteen specimens were obtained for light microscopy, and 17 for transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Melanosomes in epidermal melanocytes were both smaller in size and fewer in number than those in dermal melanocytes. Immediately after irradiation, focal extracellular vacuoles of the basal layer could be observed under light microscopy. Most epidermal melanocytes underwent mild or moderate injury in the form of vacuolated melanosomes, swollen mitochondria, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, and expansion of extracellular space, retaining intact cell membranes. Normal structures were restored 5 months to 1 year after irradiation, with no depigmentation or hyperpigmentation as seen by light microscopy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Injury of melanosomes in epidermal melanocytes is reversible.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Beryllium , Therapeutic Uses , Laser Therapy , Lasers , Melanocytes , Radiation Effects , Microscopy, Electron , Nevus of Ota , Pathology , Radiotherapy , Skin Neoplasms , Pathology , RadiotherapyABSTRACT
PurposeTo evaluate HBV and HCV infection among high risk sexual behavior group and the relationship between them. Methods173 cases were investigated at the STD outpatient departnent of Huashan Hospital. The questionarie measured sexual risk factors including age, the number of lifetime sex partners, the number of sex partners in recent three months, the age of first intercourse, the history of STD, the style of sexual behavior. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were detected by PCR. Patients who had past history of drug abuse or blood transfusion were excluded. ResultsHCV positive rate was higher in high risk group, especially in STD patients, and was positively related with STD history. Having sexual intercourse more than four partners in the last three months is the risk factor in getting HBV or HCV infection HBV and HCV infection are most commonly seen in syphilis people. Conclusions HCV infection is more oftenly seen among STD patients and people with multiple sex partners. Thus the sexual behavior way may play an important role in the transmission of HBV and HCV.
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Objective To characterize the human cell mediated immune response to Treponema pallidum(TP), and to determine the effect of TP infection on the various lymphocyte subpopulations and natural killer cells in the peripheral blood of the patients. Methods Twenty four untreated patients with early syphilis were analyzed,including 3 groups of 8 patients with disseminated syphilides,palmoplantar syphilides and latent syphilis each. Monoclonal antibodies of CD labeled with either fluorescein isothiocyanate or phycoerythrin were used on a flow cytometry to detect the changing of peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotypes. Results The results showed that the percentages of panT,T H,NK cells and the ratio of T H/T S were significantly lower (P0.05). Conclusion It suggests that there is prominent suppression of cellular immunity in the untreated patients suffering from early syphilis. Meanwhile, the difference of 3 groups in skin lesions was due to the different dermatobarrier function against the systemic invasion of TP, rather than attributed to the alteration of the lymphocyte immunophenotypes in the peripheral blood.